Fiering by dopamine neurons
About 30.000.000 substances are known today, but only a few as 100 ( including nicotine, ethanol, psychostimulants, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids) are addictive. The question arises, what makes this 100 substances addictive and other 30 million not?
Afterall there seem few pharmacological similarities among addictive drugs. Some - including barbiturates, ethanol, opiates, and benzodiazepines - are sedatives; while others - including nicotine, cocaine, and the amphetamines - are stimulants. Some - including opiates and cannabinoids - are anti-nociceptive, while others are pro-nociceptive. Some - such as ethanol and opiates - produce striking degrees of physical dependence, while others - such as cocaine - produce little if any physical dependence( it is estimated that around 21% of cocaine drug abuse will develop addiction).
All addictive drugs are subjectively rewarding, and plesurable. All addictive drugs (except LSD-like and mescalline-like hallucinogenes) activate reword circuitry in the brain, and thereby producing what is called "high".
Dopamine is neurotransmiter which has crucial role in attention, memory, mood , learning, sleep , movement. It is linked with human behaviour and motivation. It is affecting kidneys, pancreas and immune system. It is widespread in animals and also in some plants.
Drug induced changes in dopamine reword cicuit in the brain are critical in each stage of addiction process. Dopamine neurones signal in two modes, tonic and phasic. During tonic dopamine signaling, slow and irregular fireing of dopamine occurs. That is contributing to low level of dopamine in extracellular parts, where dopamine is binding to high-affinity receptors D2 and supports movement, cognition and motivation. In phasic dopamine signaling, rapid and synhronic burst fireing occur. That is elicit dopamine concetration spikes called transients that activete low-affinity dopamine receptor D1. These transients occure in the presents of drug abuse.
Abused drugs hijack reword circuit by hyper-activation dopamine signaling.
In traditional view, abused drugs are classified according to 3 targets od dopamine neurons: fiering action potencial( electric potencial), vesicular dopamine reliese and dopamine uptake. The goal of each targets is to increase dopamine extracellular levels. Ethanol, nicotin, cannabinoids, and opiates increase burst fireing by dopamine neurons. Nicotine and opiates increase vesicular dopamine release and cocaine and psihostimulants inhibit dopamine uptake.
All abused drugs produce burst fiering by dopamine neurons. Ethanol and cannabinoids generate burst firing by dopamine neurons but do not up-regulate dopamine release or inhibit dopamine uptake.
It is obviouse that dopamine is one of the crucial molecules for drug targeting.
There are several ways how to boost your dopamine level naturaly and not by drugs.
One is supplements and there are planty online, but have to take this in caution. Another way for boosting dopamine is food.
Food that has dopamine are: potato,tomato, oranges..etc
One thing we have to be aware is that dopamine in food does not enter our blood streem in brain, so it have to be taken as L-tyrosin, an aminoacid. Protein food is rich of L-tyrosin. One product that we know to increase level of pleasure and dopamine is chocolate, than appels, bannana, coffe, penauts, soya..etc.
There are people on rehab who were activelly taking dopamine supplements and lots of walk, sun and support. No one can do it alone.
Afterall there seem few pharmacological similarities among addictive drugs. Some - including barbiturates, ethanol, opiates, and benzodiazepines - are sedatives; while others - including nicotine, cocaine, and the amphetamines - are stimulants. Some - including opiates and cannabinoids - are anti-nociceptive, while others are pro-nociceptive. Some - such as ethanol and opiates - produce striking degrees of physical dependence, while others - such as cocaine - produce little if any physical dependence( it is estimated that around 21% of cocaine drug abuse will develop addiction).
All addictive drugs are subjectively rewarding, and plesurable. All addictive drugs (except LSD-like and mescalline-like hallucinogenes) activate reword circuitry in the brain, and thereby producing what is called "high".
Dopamine is neurotransmiter which has crucial role in attention, memory, mood , learning, sleep , movement. It is linked with human behaviour and motivation. It is affecting kidneys, pancreas and immune system. It is widespread in animals and also in some plants.
Drug induced changes in dopamine reword cicuit in the brain are critical in each stage of addiction process. Dopamine neurones signal in two modes, tonic and phasic. During tonic dopamine signaling, slow and irregular fireing of dopamine occurs. That is contributing to low level of dopamine in extracellular parts, where dopamine is binding to high-affinity receptors D2 and supports movement, cognition and motivation. In phasic dopamine signaling, rapid and synhronic burst fireing occur. That is elicit dopamine concetration spikes called transients that activete low-affinity dopamine receptor D1. These transients occure in the presents of drug abuse.
Abused drugs hijack reword circuit by hyper-activation dopamine signaling.
In traditional view, abused drugs are classified according to 3 targets od dopamine neurons: fiering action potencial( electric potencial), vesicular dopamine reliese and dopamine uptake. The goal of each targets is to increase dopamine extracellular levels. Ethanol, nicotin, cannabinoids, and opiates increase burst fireing by dopamine neurons. Nicotine and opiates increase vesicular dopamine release and cocaine and psihostimulants inhibit dopamine uptake.
All abused drugs produce burst fiering by dopamine neurons. Ethanol and cannabinoids generate burst firing by dopamine neurons but do not up-regulate dopamine release or inhibit dopamine uptake.
It is obviouse that dopamine is one of the crucial molecules for drug targeting.
There are several ways how to boost your dopamine level naturaly and not by drugs.
One is supplements and there are planty online, but have to take this in caution. Another way for boosting dopamine is food.
Food that has dopamine are: potato,tomato, oranges..etc
One thing we have to be aware is that dopamine in food does not enter our blood streem in brain, so it have to be taken as L-tyrosin, an aminoacid. Protein food is rich of L-tyrosin. One product that we know to increase level of pleasure and dopamine is chocolate, than appels, bannana, coffe, penauts, soya..etc.
There are people on rehab who were activelly taking dopamine supplements and lots of walk, sun and support. No one can do it alone.
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